Exam Questions

M-01. How do we name the gas layer around the earth?

M-02. Tropo, strato, meso, iono sphere are:

M-03. In which layer of the atmosphere the weather occurrences are happening?

M-04. What is the value of air density in the international standard atmosphere (by ICAO)?

M-05. The temperature drop with altitude in the international standard atmosphere (by ICAO) is:

M-06. Instrument for air pressure measurements is?

M-07. What is the app. pressure at the sea level?

M-08. How does the air pressure change with increasing altitude?

M-09. What is happening with density of oxygen in troposphere as altitude is increasing?

M-10. Which component of the air has the major role in weather phenomena?

M-11. Term 'dew point' means:

M-12. Why do clouds form in the atmosphere?

M-13. The amount of water vapour that can be contained in the air depends on:

M-14. The amount of water vapour that can be held in the air depends on:

M-15. Which air mass is the warmest and most humid?

M-16. At which phase transition is heat generated and what is the name of the transition?

M-17. Dry air raising adiabatically is cooling:

M-18. Wet air raising adiabatically is cooling:

M-19. What is katabatic wind?

M-20. What is the rotation direction of low pressure and high pressure air mass on the northern hemisphere?

M-21. Increasing cloudiness, rain, cloudiness disintegration, raising air pressure is typical for:

M-22. Where the large areas of raising air masses can be found?

M-23. Which are the areas of descending air masses and what is the state of stability there?

M-24. Consequence of the air mass descending in the summer anticyclone is:

M-25. Which inconvenient weather phenomena are characteristic for winter anticyclone?

M-26. At what distance in front of the coming warm front the first cirrostratus and altostratus clouds appear?

M-27. Appearing of cirrus clouds usually means coming of:

M-28. Which is the usual wind in Slovenia before a cloud front from the west?

M-29. How do warm and cold air masses move in the warm front?

M-30. How do warm and cold air masses move in the cold front?

M-31. Which weather phenomena are typical for a summer cold front?

M-32. Which clouds are especially typical for cold fronts?

M-33. Which are the high clouds?

M-34. Which clouds always consist of ice crystals?

M-35. Medium height clouds are:

M-36. Which cloud stretches over all three cloud levels?

M-37. Wave lifts behind mountain ridges can be marked with lens-shaped clouds, named:

M-38. Clouds with severe turbulence are:

M-39. From which clouds do we usually not expect precipitation?

M-40. From which clouds we can expect thunderstorms?

M-41. What is the criteria for atmosphere stability?

M-42. What type of clouds and weather could be expected in the summer with humid and labile air mass?

M-43. Humid and unstable air mass is during the summer recognized by:

M-44. What is temperature inversion?

M-45. Typical for temperature inversion is:

M-46. What is the reason for ground inversion?

M-47. What is causing the wind?

M-48. What does the mark 270/5 in aviation mean?

M-49. Approximately how fast is 20 knots (kt)?

M-50. Approximately how many knots (kt) is 45 km/h?

M-51. 10 knots (kt) is approximately:

M-52. Lenticularis clouds could be the sign of:

M-53. What is foehn wind?

M-54. Turbulence can appear in an open atmosphere:

M-55. What is thermal lift?

M-56. What is dynamic lift?

M-57. Which areas are warming up fastest?

M-58. Thermals are most frequent above:

M-59. What is the best angle of the sun to warm up the ground fastest?

M-60. The intensity of the thermal mostly depends on:

M-61. What is true for the lee side thermals?

M-62. On a good thermal day, the wind in closed alpine valleys is blowing:

M-63. Which clouds are the consequence of thermal convection?

M-64. Which type of clouds appear in the spring and summer on a clear sky due to intense ground heating?

M-65. What is known as dry adiabatic (blue) thermals?

M-66. When can we expect heat storms in the spring and summer?

M-67. Before noon there were cumulus clouds; at noon, the sky is almost overcast. What should we count on?

M-68. Which phenomenon is the most dangerous when flying near a thunderstorm?

M-69. How strong can the lifts be in a storm cloud?

M-70. What can we expect if we get sucked into a cumulonimbus cloud?

M-71. Where can we expect turbulence when flying in a thermal?

M-72. What can we expect when exiting a strong thermal?

M-73. Can we expect turbulent air on a clear day above flat areas with no obstacles?

M-74. What should be done when we see dark blue-blackness on the horizon, realizing a thunderstorm is approaching?

M-75. What can we expect on takeoff facing S if a light to moderate E wind is blowing?

M-76. What should we count on when landing on a small field with many obstacles and wind blowing?

M-77. What can we expect on a landing field with obstacles nearby (trees, houses, etc.) when moderate wind is blowing?

M-78. What is true when flying in dynamic lift?

M-79. What can we expect on the lee side when strong general wind is blowing?

M-80. Can we fly on the N slopes of Karavanke range when SW wind is blowing?

M-81. On an open space, wind is blowing at 4 m/s. What can we expect when the valley narrows?

K-01. What is the purpose of diagonal ribs?

K-02. How is airfoil thickness usually defined?

K-03. Openings in the ribs are intended to:

K-04. Which lines are carrying 3/4 of the weight?

K-05. Load capacity of A and B risers must be:

K-06. Which weight must be considered for the wing load?

K-07. What data do we need to calculate wing load?

K-08. What should be the wing load of a paraglider?

K-09. What should be the wing load of a higher aspect ratio glider?

K-10. What are possible consequences of too low wing load?

K-11. Pilot weighs 80 kg, equipment with the wing included 18 kg. Glider's surface is 28 m². What is the wing load?

K-12. Glider weighs 5 kg, pilot with equipment weighs 75 kg. In deep spiral, the force on the pilot is 2g. What does that mean?

K-13. What is the aspect ratio?

K-14. What is the formula for calculating the aspect ratio?

K-15. Which glider has the biggest aspect ratio?

K-16. The surface of the glider is 26 square meters, wingspan is 11 m, take-off weight is 100 kg. What is the aspect ratio?

K-17. Which construction parameter has the biggest influence on flying performance of a paraglider?

K-18. What will you do if your glider often enters a stall for a short time?

K-19. What can cause increased porosity on the upper surface of the wing?

K-20. How do we check technical suitability of the glider?

K-21. What are the factors when choosing the glider?

K-22. What affects the solidity and aging of the glider most?

K-23. Does UV radiation weaken the gliders fabric?

K-24. How should pilot approach when we have strong sun radiation?

K-25. Which fluid can we take to clean the glider?

K-26. What will you do with the glider after saltwater landing?

K-27. Compatibility of the harness and rescue parachute with an opening system must be checked (test of compatibility K-test):

K-28. Why is it not recommendable to store the glider for a longer time in a sealed package?

K-29. What makes the fabric for paragliders air-tight?

K-30. What is the minimum allowable throughput of material on the upper front wing measured by porozimeter MK-1 for the paraglider to still meet technical requirements?

K-31. What is "Rip-Stop" material?

K-32. How does rain affect the glider?

K-33. What can happen when flying in rain?

K-34. Which statement about the optimal load of the rescue parachute is correct?

K-35. What is important for rescue parachutes?

K-36. Which weight must be considered when choosing the rescue parachute size?

K-37. What is the best attachment of the rescue parachute to the harness?

K-38. Why is it good that the parachute is attached to the harness at shoulder straps?

K-39. What is an important advantage of a front container?

K-40. What should we be careful about when the rescue parachute is installed in a front container?

K-41. What is the aim of the vent on the top of the round parachute?

K-42. When must we check the opening system of the rescue parachute?

K-43. When is it recommendable to refold the rescue parachute?

K-44. What is the most important in setting the harness chest-strap?

K-45. What is the aim of the protector?

K-46. What code is used in Europe for paragliding testing since 2009?

K-47. How many categories does the EN 926-2 test have?

K-48. What is typical for A and B class paragliders?

K-49. Paragliders in A and B class must not enter deep spiral according to the EN classification:

E-01. What is asymmetric collapse?

E-02. How do we react on asymmetric collapse?

E-03. What is the difference between large asymmetric collapse (70% of the wing) and smaller one?

E-04. What are the risks of asymmetric collapse?

E-05. At large asymmetric collapse (over ½ of the wing):

E-06. What is the most dangerous if a pilot reacts on asymmetric collapse with too much brake on the outer side and stalls the glider?

E-07. What should be the first reaction of the pilot after asymmetric collapse of accelerated glider?

E-08. What is cravat?

E-09. I take off with incomplete visual check, on the right side of the wing I have small cravat. What should I do?

E-10. I couldn’t release cravat with known manoeuvres, gliders fly a bit out of direction. What should I do?

E-11. What is true for A and B class gliders when 1/3 of the wing gets tangled between the lines (cravat)?

E-12. Big asymmetric collapse ends up with cravat. More than 1/3 of the wing gets stacked, glider starts to spin. What should pilot do?

E-13. What is frontal collapse?

E-14. What can cause the frontal collapse?

E-15. How do we recover from frontal collapse?

E-16. How do we perform big ears?

E-17. How do we control the wing with big ears?

E-18. How we can make big ears more efficient for losing height?

E-19. What is maximum vertical speed with big ears?

E-20. What are the dangers of big ears?

E-21. Exit from big ears:

E-22. Enter in the spiral dive:

E-23. What is vertical speed in a spiral?

E-24. Why is the spiral dive a dangerous manoeuvre?

E-25. What is significant for deep spiral (stable spiral)?

E-26. At which speed even low-class paragliders can enter deep spiral?

E-27. Exit from the spiral dive:

E-28. What is B-stall?

E-29. We perform B-stall by:

E-30. What do we have to watch out for while entering the B-stall?

E-31. What are Vh and Vv in the B-stall (Vh=horizontal speed, Vv=vertical speed)?

E-32. Exit from B-stall:

E-33. Under what circumstances during B-stall can the wing massively surge forward, leading to the possible loss of control?

E-34. What is deep stall?

E-35. How do we recognize deep stall?

E-36. What is the inner pressure of the wing during the deep stall?

E-37. How does a stalled wing look like?

E-38. What are Vh and Vv during the stall (Vh=horizontal speed, Vv=vertical speed)?

E-39. What is deep stall?

E-40. When paraglider (technically flawless) can enter a deep stall?

E-41. We release brakes but the paraglider stays in deep stall. What do we need to do for recovery to normal flight?

E-42. How do we exit the stable deep stall?

E-43. Low-class glider (A and B) is in deep stall resulting from flying in the rain. What should we do?

E-44. Into what can a deep stall develop with improper reactions?

E-45. What is full-stall?

E-46. What happens to the angle of attack when the wing is going to full stall?

E-47. What are the vertical and horizontal speeds of a full-stalled glider (Vh=horizontal speed, Vv=vertical speed)?

E-48. Describe the exit from full stall:

E-49. Describe the greatest danger of incorrect exit from full stall:

E-50. What is spin?

E-51. Lift distribution on a spinning wing:

E-52. Airflow during the spin:

E-53. What is the pressure distribution inside the wing during the spin?

E-54. What happens if a heavily twisted paraglider is additionally braked on one side (over 100%)?

E-55. How does a glider respond to a quick pull of the brake on one side (over 100%)?

E-56. Which reactions cause the spin?

E-57. How do I stop spin in the first phase?

E-58. I am in spin with a low-class glider (A or B). What to do?

E-59. What is the most important for a controlled exit of spin?

E-60. Is it possible to recover from spin by performing a full stall?

E-61. Describe the potential danger when a pilot is in spin and without control:

E-62. When do I use the rescue parachute?

E-63. Explain deployment of the rescue parachute and the following procedures:

E-64. After opening the rescue parachute at a higher altitude, the main glider was re-formed. Canopies dragged each on its side (scissor position). The rate of decline is increasing, decline is unstable. How do I solve the situation?

E-65. After opening the rescue parachute, the glider and rescue parachutes are in a so-called scissor position. I am only 50 m above the ground. What should I do?

E-66. After taking off, I realize that I have a knot in the D line, so:

E-67. What needs to be done in the case of a collision or entanglement of two gliders close to the slope?

E-68. What should a pilot do when the brake line breaks during the flight?

E-69. Describe what is the greatest danger when twisting lines:

E-70. The wind suddenly changes during landing. We are low and we notice that we will land with the tail wind. What do we do?

E-71. At a height of 200 m, I realize that there is a strong wind at the landing. The windsock stands horizontally, the smoke flashes horizontally. What type of landing approach should we use?

E-72. During approach to the landing, I am surprised by the strong valley wind. How to land?

E-73. Why is it dangerous using the accelerator when landing in a strong wind situation?

E-74. There is a danger that after landing on too strong wind (40 km/h) formed glider would drag pilots on the ground with the wind. Solution:

E-75. Flying near Cumulonimbus is:

E-76. What are theoretically possible rescue manoeuvres if drag us into a Cb-cloud (the usual quick descent procedures are ineffective)?

L-01. Some signs of hyperventilation:

L-02. Body loads on steep spiral can cause:

L-03. Signs of altitude sickness are:

L-04. What is incompatible with flight safety?

L-05. Epileptic paragliding pilot:

L-06. With whom do we consult regarding our health condition for safe flying?

L-07. Mark the correct statement:

L-08. Which of the following drugs can affect flight safety?

L-09. Hyperventilation is:

L-10. How can we most reliably prevent altitude sickness?

L-11. Hypoxia is:

L-12. What is the highest risk of hypoxia?

L-13. Why is it important to eat and drink before flying?

L-14. What would be the most suitable breakfast on a summer day?

L-15. The most common cause for hyperventilation is:

L-16. What can happen when flying in a spiral?

L-17. Disturbances in vision, worse judgment and loss of consciousness when flying into the spiral occur when:

L-18. What is happening in the body that it is dangerous to fly in the spiral?

L-19. It is noted that: "The tablet changes the pilot to the patient." Does this apply to all medicines?

L-20. The pilot is in trouble because he did not react correctly in the spiral. Your opinion what was the most likely reason:

Z-01. Which legal act regulates paragliding the most?

Z-02. Where do we get the information about the airspace classification in Slovenia and about the airspace that is also intended for pilots?

Z-03. Acronym AGL at the VFR and GPS map means:

Z-04. MSL is acronym for:

Z-05. CTR is acronym for:

Z-06. Can you fly with a paraglider in Terminal control area (TMA)?

Z-07. Slovenian airspace is divided into four categories. How is the uncontrolled airspace labelled?

Z-08. Class D airspace is also at:

Z-09. Airspace where paragliding is allowed without previous permission from the Civil Aviation Directorate is:

Z-10. Class G airspace extends up to:

Z-11. In class E airspace, paragliding is:

Z-12. Class G airspace (Annex nr. 2):

Z-13. Class E airspace (Annex nr. 2):

Z-14. At what points on the map is allowed to fly up to 2900 m MSL (Annex nr. 2)?

Z-15. At what points on the map is prohibited to fly from the ground (Annex nr. 2)?

Z-16. At what points on the map is prohibited to fly above 1000 ft AGL (Annex nr. 2)?

Z-17. Where is the class G airspace up to 2500m ft AGL and flying there might be prohibited or limited when NOTAM is issued due to military activities (Annex nr. 2)?

Z-18. Class G airspace above Karavanke is up to 2900 m MSL. Which airspace class is above this altitude?

Z-19. Up to what altitude we can fly in the area of Lijak, Ajdovščina, and Kovk?

Z-20. Above Preddvor, Golnik and Gornji grad class G airspace extends up to:

Z-21. Domžale and Moravče are located in airspace:

Z-22. Is flying allowed above city of Maribor?

Z-23. In the area of Slovenj Gradec, paragliding is allowed up to:

Z-24. Abbreviation NOTAM means:

Z-25. Do we need to check for NOTAM before flight?

Z-26. Where can we check for NOTAM?

Z-27. What is the minimum age limit to start with paragliding under instructor's supervision?

Z-28. How is the validity of paragliding license limited?

Z-29. How often must a technical check of the paraglider be done according to the document Decree on hang gliding and paragliding?

Z-30. At what time can a paraglider fly under the daytime visual flying rules?

Z-31. What is the minimum allowed altitude when flying over a group of people, roads, and electric wires?

Z-32. Who is setting the direction of circling in a thermal?

Z-33. Can a paragliding pilot fly in clouds?

Z-34. What is the minimum distance between paragliders when meeting at the same altitude?

Z-35. How do two pilots avoid each other when coming close at the same altitude near the slope?

Z-36. Can a pilot pass by another pilot at the same altitude, when they have the slope on the right side?

Z-37. Many paragliders are landing. Which one has priority?

Z-38. Can a paraglider land on a sport airport?